Turkish Airlines, Turkey's flagship carrier and one of the world's largest airlines by number of destinations served, bore the heaviest impact. Its short-haul European and domestic sectors depend on precise aircraft and crew rotations, meaning once delays began to accumulate, the knock-on effects spread rapidly across its entire schedule.
Pegasus Airlines, the low-cost carrier based at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport, also recorded significant disruption across its high-frequency domestic and regional routes. FlyDubai, which maintains important connections between Istanbul and the Gulf, similarly found its services caught up in the growing backlog.
Key routes affected included Istanbul to London, Dubai, New York, Paris, and Frankfurt, impacting both leisure travellers and those travelling on business-critical journeys.